Material Safety Data Sheet: 1-Chloropentane

Identification

Product Name: 1-Chloropentane
Synonyms: n-Pentyl chloride, Amyl chloride
CAS Number: 543-59-9
Molecular Formula: C5H11Cl
Recommended Use: Laboratory chemical, chemical intermediate
Manufacturer: Chemical supply companies
Emergency Contact: CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300 (North America)

Hazard Identification

Classification: Flammable liquid, Acute toxicity (oral, inhalation, dermal), Skin and eye irritant
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor; Causes skin irritation; Causes serious eye irritation; May cause respiratory irritation; Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin
Pictograms: Flame, Exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames; No smoking; Use personal protective equipment; Avoid breathing vapors; Wash thoroughly after handling

Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical Name: 1-Chloropentane
Concentration: 98-100%
CAS Number: 543-59-9
Impurities: None considered significant for hazard
Additives: None reported

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move person to fresh air; If breathing is difficult or stops, seek immediate medical attention; Provide oxygen if available
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; Rinse skin with water for at least 15 minutes; Get medical attention if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; Remove contact lenses if present; Continue rinsing; Seek medical help if discomfort continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; Do not induce vomiting; Call a poison center or doctor right away; Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person
Notes to Physician: Treat symptomatically; there is no specific antidote

Fire-Fighting Measures

Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO2), foam, water spray
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct water jet may spread fire
Special Hazards: Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air; Containers may rupture when heated; Hazardous combustion products include hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus
Additional Information: Cool containers with water spray to prevent pressure build-up; Remove containers from fire area if safe to do so

Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel; Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and suitable protective clothing; Provide adequate ventilation
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers, watercourses, or soil
Spill Cleanup Methods: Absorb with inert material (sand, earth, vermiculite); Collect in sealed, labeled containers for proper disposal; Clean spill area thoroughly with water and detergent
Emergency Procedures: Remove ignition sources; Use non-sparking tools; Avoid breathing vapor or mist; Ensure proper ventilation

Handling and Storage

Handling: Work under chemical fume hood; Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin and eyes; Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flames; Ground all equipment
Storage: Store tightly closed in cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials such as acids and oxidizers; Store in original container or compatible chemical storage bottle
Incompatibles: Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, bases
Specific End Uses: Use only as directed for intended purposes, avoid unnecessary risks

Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limits; Use local exhaust ventilation to minimize exposure
Engineering Controls: Chemical fume hood, splash-proof eyewash stations, and safety showers
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), safety goggles, flame-resistant lab coat, chemical-resistant apron
Respiratory Protection: Use approved respirators if ventilation is inadequate
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly before breaks and after handling; Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Penetrating, sweet
Odor Threshold: Not established
Boiling Point: 107-108°C (225-226°F)
Melting Point: -93°C (-135°F)
Flash Point: 18°C (64°F) closed cup
Evaporation Rate: Not available
Flammability: Highly flammable liquid and vapor
Explosive Limits: Lower: 1.1%, Upper: 8.1% (estimated)
Vapor Pressure: 34 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 3.6 (Air = 1)
Relative Density: 0.86 g/cm³ @ 20°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): 2.4
Auto-ignition Temperature: 215°C (419°F)
Decomposition Temperature: Not established
Viscosity: Not determined

Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: May react with strong oxidants generating toxic gases
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, static discharge, direct sunlight
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong bases, oxidizing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, phosgene
Polymerization: Does not occur under normal handling

Toxicological Information

Acute Toxicity: Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin; LD50 (oral, rat): ~1820 mg/kg
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes skin irritation on contact; may cause dryness or cracking
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes eye irritation with redness, watering, and discomfort
Respiratory Sensitization: Irritates respiratory tract, especially at high concentrations
Germ Cell Mutagenicity: No data available
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Reproductive Toxicity: No data available
Specific Target Organ Toxicity: May cause drowsiness and dizziness; affects central nervous system
Aspiration Hazard: Risk after accidental ingestion and vomiting; chemical pneumonitis possible

Ecological Information

Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Toxic to aquatic organisms; LC50 (fish, 96 h): ~5 mg/L (estimated)
Persistence and Degradability: Not readily biodegradable; persists in the environment
Bioaccumulative Potential: Moderate, log Pow suggests potential for bioaccumulation
Mobility in Soil: Low mobility; evaporates from surfaces but may leach in groundwater
Other Adverse Effects: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects; contributes to VOC emissions

Disposal Considerations

Waste Treatment Methods: Dispose of via licensed chemical waste contractor
Waste Code: U-listed, D001 for ignitable waste (U056, per EPA RCRA)
Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers retain product residue and vapor; treat as hazardous waste
Methods of Disposal: Burn in approved incinerator; do not allow into drains or environment; follow local, regional, and national regulations

Transport Information

UN Number: UN1992
UN Proper Shipping Name: Flammable liquid, toxic, n.o.s. (contains 1-chloropentane), Class 3 (Flammable Liquids), Subsidiary Risk 6.1 (Toxic Substances)
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: II
Label Requirements: Flammable Liquid, Toxic
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant
Special Precautions: Store away from sparks and ignition sources during transport; follow all relevant ADR/RID, IMDG, IATA requirements; emergency response guidebook number: 129

Regulatory Information

US Federal Regulations: Listed on TSCA Inventory; CERCLA reportable quantity not established; OSHA hazardous chemical
State Regulations: May be subject to state-specific reporting; check local environmental laws
International Regulations: Listed on EINECS (208-844-5); Compliant with WHMIS in Canada as B2 (Flammable liquid)
SARA Section 313: Not listed as a toxic chemical under Section 313
Other Regulatory Information: Conforms to EU REACH registration requirements; subject to local environmental and safety regulations; not regulated as an ozone-depleting substance