1-Chlorododecane: In-Depth Description and Physical Characteristics

What is 1-Chlorododecane?

1-Chlorododecane stands out as an organic compound and offers more than just a simple name. With the molecular formula C₁₂H₂₅Cl, this chemical comes from a series of linear alkyl chlorides derived from dodecane. Its structure features a twelve-carbon chain anchored by a chlorine atom on the first carbon. Industrial specialists turn to compounds like this for their reliability in chemical synthesis and surfactant production. Years spent in chemical laboratories have shown that the straight, unbranched backbone delivers specific reactivity compared to more complex or branched molecules. Companies value such clear structure because targeted reactions follow predictable pathways, reducing unwanted byproducts and waste.

General Properties and Physical State

1-Chlorododecane shows up most often as a clear, colorless liquid under normal temperature and pressure. It doesn’t crystallize or flake at room conditions; instead, viscosity and density attract attention. With a density ranging between 0.86 and 0.88 g/cm³, this alkyl chloride sits lower than water in most mixtures, so separating phases in a simple separation funnel feels straightforward. The boiling point, typically between 265°C and 270°C, points toward decent thermal stability. In practice, I have seen that such a high boiling range helps in applications requiring heated solvents where volatility disrupts product yield. Moisture sensitivity doesn’t raise much concern, but direct sunlight or open-air storage can degrade its pristine state over time. Odor presents as faintly sweet, though those unaccustomed to chemicals sometimes notice a hint of paraffin.

Sourcing, Raw Materials, and Production Quality

Companies rely on raw materials like dodecane and chlorine gas in controlled reactors. Reacting under mild conditions, using reliable catalysts, and ensuring efficient mixing raise purity levels in the final product. International chemical standards require declarations of purity, and 1-chlorododecane consistently arrives with purity above 98%. Anything less creates problems whether you are making surfactants, plasticizers, or specialty solvents since residual side-products change downstream reactivity or generate unpredictable odorous traces. In my own experience during quality checks, any deviation from the specification pressures suppliers to improve their purification or risk losing contracts. Only raw material quality, batch-traceability, and skilled operators create this consistency.

Specifications, Structure, and Formula

Structurally, the molecule remains straight-chained—twelve carbon atoms with a terminal chlorine. This matters in substitution and elimination reactions where position and branching shift pathways. Chemists often cite its molecular weight, 204.78 g/mol, and its empirical formula C₁₂H₂₅Cl. International trading recognizes this product with the HS Code 2903.19, which places it under halogenated derivatives of acyclic hydrocarbons. Many materials databases and laboratory catalogues stick to this notation so researchers and logistic teams can track it during shipping, procurement, and regulatory clearance. Spectroscopic analysis—like NMR or IR—confirms the structure, highlighting the signature alkyl C-H stretches and C-Cl bond.

Physical Forms: Liquid, Powder, and Other Variants

Despite requests, physical forms such as solid, powder, flakes, or pearls remain impractical for 1-chlorododecane at standard storage temperature. This compound ranks as a nonpolar, oily liquid, refusing to take on a crystalline or solid state unless cooled far below room temperature—something rarely, if ever, required for actual scale-up or handling. Pouring a sample into a liter flask gives a clear view of its viscosity—not sticky like tar yet thicker than acetone or hexane. Dilutions in nonpolar solvents go smoothly, which adds control for industrial synthesis. Those working in advanced research sometimes prepare concentrated solutions but keep safety in mind due to its chemical nature.

Chemical and Hazardous Properties

Handling 1-chlorododecane calls for respect, as with most organochlorines. This material doesn’t erupt in flames at low temperatures, but it poses environmental and health hazards when handled carelessly. Direct skin or eye contact causes irritation. Inhalation of vapors over extended periods produces discomfort. Safety data sheets recommend gloves, goggles, and use within fume hoods during laboratory manipulations. Disposal ties into national hazardous waste regulations. Like other chlorinated alkanes, improper release contaminates water and soil with long-lasting byproducts. Each incident of poorly managed waste increases the risks faced by workers, communities, and ecosystems. There’s ongoing research to find safer disposal or recycling routes—methods like advanced oxidation, bioremediation, or thermal cracking—to address these concerns without trading one hazard for another.

Uses, Function, and Industry Role

End uses of 1-chlorododecane stretch across several sectors. Manufacturing processes tap into its intermediate role, producing quaternary ammonium compounds, surfactants, and specialty lubricants. The long hydrocarbon chain makes it an ideal building block for molecules demanding lipophilic balance or controlled reactivity. In laboratories, it serves as a test reagent for analyzing reaction mechanisms. Small-scale producers blend it into plasticizers or lubricating additives for improved flow in masterbatch designs. Years in the industry have shown that clients pay extra for consistent purity and transparency about potential hazardous properties. Regulators demand full hazard labels and detailed composition, especially as new information about long-term exposure emerges from occupational health research.

Material Solutions and Long-term Strategies

Taking a closer look at safety and sustainability, solutions recommend tighter workplace controls, substitution with less hazardous chemicals, and investment in cleaner manufacturing. I have seen plants shift to closed-loop systems, limiting vapor escape and streamlining solvent recovery, which reduces both environmental impact and costs. Researchers and regulatory bodies encourage the search for biodegradable alternatives, especially where environmental persistence causes concern. Until greener options mature, best practices include robust worker training, safety monitoring, and strict adherence to national and international chemical management laws. Building a safe supply chain goes beyond ticking boxes; it rests on understanding each step from sourcing raw dodecane to final delivery.

Summary Table: 1-Chlorododecane Key Specifications

Product Name: 1-Chlorododecane
Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₂₅Cl
Molecular Weight: 204.78 g/mol
CAS Number: 112-52-7
HS Code: 2903.19
Physical State: Liquid
Density: 0.86–0.88 g/cm³
Boiling Point: 265–270°C
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Purity: >98%
Hazards: Harmful, environmental risk, requires PPE
Common Applications: Surfactant production, lubricant additives, specialty chemical synthesis
Handling Recommendations: Use gloves, goggles, effective ventilation; comply with local waste disposal and transport regulations